I personally don’t think there is a standard or correct answer to the question “Does the use of design systems and interaction design patterns stifle creativity in interaction design? standard or correct answer. In one way they do stifle creativity, but in another way they can enhance it.
The use of design systems and interaction design patterns comes with certain limitations, they have already defined samples and patterns that restrict designers from exploring unconventional ideas. And because of these similar samples, the designs created by different designers may end up being similar and lacking in character.
On the other hand, design systems and interaction design patterns can improve designers’ efficiency by streamlining the design process and shortening design time so that they can devote themselves to thinking of innovative solutions. At the same time, design systems and interaction design patterns are also consistent with user-centered design, as designers don’t have to worry about the usability of the finished product and how to familiarize users with it after applying a consistent system. All of this saves designers time, so they can devote more energy to refining new ideas and thoughts.